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Introduction: Pain caused by some therapeutic and nursing procedures has been a major concern of health care providers. Injection pain is a common complaint of patients. Materials and

Methods: This quasi-experimental investigation was conducted to compare the pain intensity caused by standard, and Z-Track method for intramascullar (I.M) injection. The samples were 100 female nursing student volunteers that were selected by convenience sampling. Each sample was injected two times blindly: first by standard and then by Z-Track method, with 24 hours interval. None of them knew the method of injection for each time. The injection solution was 1 ml sodium chloride. Pain intensity was measured by a numerical pain assessment scale and pain experienced by every body was compared with herself.

Results: The results showed that the pain associated with IM injection was significantly decreased when Z-Track method was used.

Conclusion: The researcher can join to other authors stating that Z-Track can be the technique of choice for all I.M injections.

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Introduction: Children&aposs health is an important issue in activities of many international organizations. To prepare the children to understand and practice the ways of healthy life, the schools should play their important role by planning and performing effective health education programs.         

Materials and Methods: This research is an analytical-descriptive study. The samples included 330 students who were selected through multistage stratified sampling method. The data was gathered by a questionnaire and were analyzed by using the inferential and descriptive statistics.

Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between health behaviors of students in schools with and without health educators in the domains of eye and skin health, nutrition, sleep, rest and physical activity, but there was a significant difference between health behaviors related to ear (2=8.58, p=0.014) and tooth (2=9.35, p=0.009) the students with educator had healthier ear and tooth behaviors than students who didn&apost have educator. In the domain of mouth and tooth the girls had healthier behaviors than boys. In the domain of physical activity the boys had better health behaviors than girls, having educator or not.

Conclusion: Overall, there was no significant difference between health behaviors of students in schools with and without health educators. Formation of healthy behaviors is a multifactorial issue and survey of all factors and variables affecting health behaviors can provide clearer measures for planning the health education programs and optimum usage of resources, manpower, budget and time to promote awareness and performance of health behaviors in schools.

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Introduction: Patients&apos rights have been center of attention in recent decades because of patients&apos vulnerability and worldwide sensitivity to human rights.

 Materials and Method: The current study is a qualitative, phenomenological research which has been carried out in Emam Khomeini Hospital during 2004-2005. The aim of this research was to identify the meaning of patient&aposs rights from the view point of patients and/or their companions. To achieve this, 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 informants. They were asked to explain their experience regarding the patient&aposs rights. All interviews were recorded. Data analyzing was simultaneously carried out using thematic analysis method.

Results: The emerging themes included expectation for equality and justice in receiving health care services, human respect and privacy need to be informed regarding their diagnosis and having essential facilities in the hospital.

Conclusion: It appears that whether the participants are aware of patients&apos bill of rights or not, they are able to define some rights for themselves. Attention to theses rights can help policy makers to design unique patients&apos bill of rights according to Iranian sociocultural and economic situation.

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The concept of privacy, which is used in many disciplines, is a basic human need and also is recognized as an important concept in nursing. The concept of privacy has been described in various dimensions including physical, psychological, social and informational privacy. In this article we review these dimensions. Most of the studies related to the privacy have been carried out in the area of physical privacy. One of the basic areas of privacy in hospitals is related to data protection and the prevention of information inaccuracies. Major factors that threaten the privacy include intrusion upon the seclusion or physical boundaries and unnecessary physical touch. In order to decrease these problems, health worker need to find a new approach of working with patients. Review of the literature showed that only a few studies about the privacy of patients have been carried out. To encourage research in this field, accurate instruments should be developed in order to measure different aspects of the privacy, an aim that is difficult to achieve because of the complex nature of the concept. It is also important that necessity of observing patients’ privacy systematically be thought to medical students